SANCTA  CROCE. 


THE   NEW    QUINSIGAMOND    BOAT   CLUB    HOUSE 
As  seen  from  the  Lake 


SANCTA  CROCK: 


Treatife 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIVE   ANTITHESES. 


'  SUBLIME  TOBACCO  !  " 

Byron. 

1  FILTHY  8TINK  !  " 

King  James  I. 


WORCESTER,  MASS.: 

FRANKLIN  P.   RICE,  Publisher. 
1887. 


EDITION  LIMITED   TO   ONE   HUNDRED    AND   TWENTY- 
FIVE  COPIES,  OF  WHICH  THIS  IS 


No.SA- 


Copyrightt  1887, 
By  F.  P.  Rice. 


PUBLISHER'S  PRIVATE  PBESS. 


TO  THE 

MEMBERS 

OF  THE 

ISoat  <£lttfi 

THE  FOLLOWING  PAGES 

ABE 

RESPECTFULLY  DEDICATED 


"  Stinkingeft  of  the  {linking  kind, 
Filth  of  the  mouth  and  fog  of  the  mind, 
Africa  that  brags  her  foifon 
Breeds  no  fuch  prodigious  poifon, 
Henbane,  Nightfhade,  both  together, 
Hemlock,  Aconite 

Nay,  rather, 

Plant  divine  of  rareft  virtue  ; 
Blifters  on  the  tongue  would  hurt  you 
'Twas  but  in  a  fort  I  blamed  thee, 
None  e'er  profpered  who  defamed  thee." 

— Charles  Lamb. 


SANCTA    CROCK. 


SANCTA  CROCE: 

&£icotian  Treatife. 


Tl^HETHER  we  make  ufe 
of  tobacco  or  not,  it  mull 
be  admitted  that  the  herb  has 
done  fomething  to  difcourage 
hypocrify,  to  promote  direct- 
nefs  of  fpeech.  There  is,  per- 
haps, no  other  fubject  upon 
which  fuch  decided  convic- 
tions are  fo  unhefitatingly  ex- 
preffed.  There  are  but  two 
opinions,  and  there  is  no  halt- 
ing between  them.  The  friends 

of 


io         Sanffia  Croce: 

of  "the  weed"  declare  that  it  is 
a  panacea  for  every  human  ill, 
its  enemies  decry  it  as  the  fof- 
terer  of  every  vice.  There  is 
no  fpeaking  by  "the  card," 
equivocation  is  undone.  The 
caufe  is  efpoufed  with  fervor 
or  rejected  with  fcorn. 

Upon  other  topics  there  is 
a  tacit  underftanding  between 
the  fpeaker  and  the  liftener; 
the  implication  being  better 
comprehended  than  the  utter- 
ance. Such  a  cafe  was  that  of 
the  man  who,  having  an  in- 
valid wife,  told  his  fympathif- 
ing  neighbor  that  he  wifhed 
"(he  would  get  better, — or 

fomething. 

In 


A  Nicotian  Treatife       1 1 

In  like  manner,  when  we 
Epifcopalians  proclaim  our- 
felves  "miferable  fmners,"  we 
go  a  ftep  farther  in  our  trifling 
with  confcience,  and  fay  the 
very  oppofite  of  what  we  feel : 
yet  no  one  is  deceived,  we  un- 
derftand  each  other  perfectly. 

When  our  digeftion  is  good, 
our  theology  is  exceedingly 
tolerant;  we  admit  that  "we 
have  done  thofe  things  which 
we  ought  not  to  have  done," 
and  go  on  lamenting  our  fhort- 
comings  till  the  fentences  clofe 
with  a  wink,  and  truth  hobbles 
out  of  the  paragraphs. 

When  we  difcufs  tobacco, 

fmcerity 


12          Santta  Croce: 

fmcerity,  at  leaft  is  prefent ; 
we  may  become  excited,  but 
there  is  no  doubt.  The  ab- 
fence  of  hypocrify  might  argue 
the  prefence  of  virtue,  were  it 
not  for  the  fulphurous  exag- 
geration which  feems  infepar- 
able  from  the  fubject,  and 
which  is  fuggeftive  of  different 
affociations. 

On  the  one  hand  we  are  af- 
fured  that  the  plant  is  a  gra- 
cious gift  of  the  gods  for  the 
folace  of  mankind ; l  on  the 
other,  that  the  human  appetite 
is  corrupted  by  the  infernal 
herb,  ferved  up  by  Satan  pi- 
ping hot  from  hell. 

"When 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.       13 

"When  the  Chriftians  firft 
difcovered  America,  the  devil 
was  afraid  of  lofing  his  hold 
upon  the  people  there  by  the 
appearance  of  Chriftianity ;  he 
is  reported  to  have  told  fome 
Indians  of  his  acquaintance, 
that  he  had  found  a  way  to  be 
revenged  upon  the  Chriftians 
for  beating  up  his  quarters,  for 
he  would  teach  them  to  take 
tobacco,  to  which,  after  they 
had  once  tailed  it,  they  mould 
be  perpetual  flaves."2 

This  ftory  is  inimitable  in  its 
way.  How  pofitive  the  affer- 
tion  with  which  it  opens,  how 
genuine  the  fear  which  the 

devil 


14         Sanfta  Croce: 

devil  experienced  left  his  power 
fhould  depart  from  him,  how 
delicate  the  intimation  of  his 
acquaintance  with  the  Indians  ! 
We  almoft  hear  the  exultant 
Ihout  with  which  the  evil  one 
announces  his  determination 
to  make  tobacco  his  ally,  the 
confequent  fubjection  of  its 
votaries,  and  the  ultimate  tri- 
umph of  the  Powers  of  Dark- 
nefs.  We  feem  to  be  taken 
into  the  confidence  of  the 
"Sooty  Fiend,"  fo  to  fpeak; 
and  clofe  upon  the  heels  of 
this  reflection  fteals  the  har- 
rowing thought  that  this  ftory, 
if  true,  accounts  completely  for 

the 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.       75 

the  enormous  and  increafmg 
confumption  of  tobacco  in 
thefe  United  States. 

To  federal  perfons  muft  be 
accorded  the  honor  or  difgrace 
of  being  the  firft  to  introduce 
tobacco  to  the  Britifh  Iflands. 
Captain  Lane  and  Mr.  Har- 
riot, Mr.  Myddleton  and  Sir 
Francis  Drake,  Captain  Green- 
field and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh ; 
and,  as  the  ftory  goes,  when 
the  laft  named  individual 
was  fmoking  there  for  the 
firft  time,  his  fervant  en- 
tering the  room,  perceived 
with  aftonifhment  the  clouds 
of  fmoke  that  were  iffuing 

from 


1 6          SanSta  Croce: 

from  between  his  matter's  lips, 
hurriedly  fetched  a  bucket  of 
water,  and  incontinently  darned 
it  over  the  gallant  adventurer, 
extinguishing  his  pipe  but  in- 
flaming his  choler. 

The  Virgin  Queen,  who  had 
always  an  eye  open  in  the 
direction  of  bufmefs  profits, 
encouraged  the  introduction  of 
the  herb,  and  one  day  when 
Raleigh,  who  had  been  expa- 
tiating in  his  arrogant  fafhion 
upon  the  bleffmgs  which  would 
infallibly  follow  its  ufe,  de- 
clared that  he  had  made  the 
fubject  a  matter  of  fo  much 
ftudy  that  he  could  tell  what 

the 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.       77 

the  fmoke  would  weigh  in  any 
given  quantity  of  tobacco, 
Elizabeth,  thinking  that  the 
ftory  fmacked  of  the  traveler, 
laid  a  wager  with  the  courtier 
that  he  could  not  make  good 
his  boaft;  whereupon  Raleigh 
weighed  a  fmall  quantity,  put 
it  in  his  pipe,  fmoked  it,  and 
then  proceeded  to  weigh  the 
afhes ;  the  difference  between 
the  original  weight  of  the  to- 
bacco and  the  afhes  now  re- 
maining, Sir  Walter  declared 
to  be  the  weight  of  the  fmoke. 
The  Virgin  paid  the  wager, 
faying  that  me  had  often  heard 
of  men  who  had  turned  gold 

into 


1 8         Sanda  Croce: 

into  fmoke,  but  that  this  was 
the  firft  time  (he  had  known 
of  a  man  turning  fmoke  into 
gold.3 

James  ist,  fucceffor  of  the 
Virgin  Queen,  was  almoft  be- 
fide  himfelf  at  the  extrava- 
gance of  the  gentry  who  were 
turning  their  gold  into  fmoke, 
and  declared  that  he  knew 
thofe  who  were  fpending  "  three 
or  four  hundred  pounds  a  year 
upon  this  precious  ftink"!  He 
purfued  Witches  and  Tobacco- 
nists with  equal  fury,  and 
affirmed  the  common  origin 
of  both;  the  "Demonology" 
proved  the  exiftence  of  the  one, 

the 


A  Nicotian  Treatise.       79 

the  "Counterblaft"  the  dangers 
of  the  other.  A  generous  pub- 
lic fuftained  the  monarch  when 
he  libelled  old  women,  but  was 
oppofed  to  him  when  he  af- 
failed  tobacco. 

There  was  one  man  how- 
ever, who  dared  to  confront 
public  opinion  and  the  modern 
Solomon  too;  Reginald  Scot4 
ridiculed  witchcraft, — affirmed 
indeed,  that  there  could  be  no 
fuch  thing;  but  the  authorities 
became  indignant  with  Regi- 
nald ;  every  copy  of  his  book 
that  could  be  found  —  and 
they  fearched  induftrioufly — 
was  committed  to  the  flames, 

to 


2O         Sanfta  Croce: 

to  fhow  their  deteftation  of 
fuch  a  damnable  heretic. 

Thus  the  Britilh  public  kept 
their  witches  and  tobacco  too ; 
the  fmoker  and  the  anti-fmoker 
continued  to  hoot  at  each  other, 
while  the  theatre  echoed  the 
claims  of  the  rivals. 

"I  have  been  in  the  Indies," 
fays  Bobadil,5  "where  this  herb 
grows,  where  neither  myfelf, 
nor  a  dozen  gentlemen  more 
of  my  knowledge,  have  re- 
ceived tafte  of  any  other  nutri- 
ment in  the  world,  for  the  fpace 
of  one  and  twenty  weeks,  but 
the  fume  of  this  fimple  only : 
therefore,  it  cannot  be,  but  it  is 

moft 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.       21 

moft  divine.  Take  it  in  the 
nature,  in  the  true  kind ;  fo,  it 
makes  an  antidote,  that  had 
you  taken  the  moft  deadly 
poifonous  plant  in  all  Italy,  it 
mould  expel  it  and  clarify  you 
with  as  much  eafe  as  I  fpeak. 
And  for  your  green  wound, 
your  balfamum  and  your  St. 
John's  wort  are  all  mere  gull- 
eries  and  tram  to  it,  efpecially 
your  Trinidado ;  your  Nicotian 
is  good  too.  I  could  fay  what 
I  know  of  the  virtue  of  it,  for 
the  expulfion  of  rheums,  raw 
humors,  crudities,  obftruclions, 
with  a  thoufand  of  this  kind; 
but  I  profefs  myfelf  no  quack- 

falver. 


22          Sanfta  Croce: 

falver.  Only  thus  much ;  by 
Hercules,  I  do  hold  it,  and 
will  affirm  it  before  any  prince 
in  Europe,  to  be  the  moft 
fovereign  and  precious  weed 
that  ever  the  earth  tendered 
to  the  ufe  of  man." 

"Ods  me,"  fays  Mr.  Cob, 
"  I  marie  what  pleafure  or  fe- 
licity they  have  in  taking  this 
roguifh  tobacco.  It  is  good 
for  nothing  but  to  choke  a 
man,  and  fill  him  full  of  fmoke 
and  embers ;  there  were  four 
died  out  of  one  houfe  laft  week 
with  taking  of  it,  and  two 
more  the  bell  went  for  yefter- 
night;  one  of  them,  they  fay, 

will 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      2} 

will  never 'f cape  it :  he  voided  a 
bufhel  of  foot  yefterday,  upward 
and  downward.  By  the  stocks 
an  there  were  no  wifer  man 
than  I,  I'd  have  it  prefent 
whipping,  man  or  woman  that 
mould  but  deal  with  a  tobacco 
pipe :  why,  it  will  ftifle  them  all 
in  the  end,  as  many  as  ufe  it ; 
it  is  little  better  than  ratfbane 
or  rofaker."6 

This  is  ftrong  language 
which  "Rare  Ben  Jonfon" 
puts  into  the  mouth  of  honeft 
M after  Cob,  yet  it  fcarcely  ex- 
ceeds the  virulence  of  the  royal 
"Counterblaft,"  as  the  perora- 
tion thereof  mall  teftify : 

"  Have 


24          Santta  Croce: 

"  Have  you  not  reafon  then 
to  be  amamed  and  to  forbear 
this  filthy  novelty,  fo  bafely 
grounded,  fo  foolifhly  received, 
and  fo  groffly  miftaken  in  the 
right  ufe  thereof!  In  your 
abufe  thereof  finning  againft 
God,  harming  yourfelves  both 
in  perfons  and  goods,  and 
taking  alfo  thereby  (look  to  it 
ye  that  take  fnuff  in  profu- 
fion!)  the  marks  and  notes  of 
vanity  upon  you ;  by  the  cuf- 
tom  thereof  making  yourfelves 
to  be  wondered  at  by  all  foreign 
civil  nations,  and  by  all  ftrang- 
ers  that  come  among  you,  to 
be  fcorned  and  contemned,  a 

cuftom 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      25 

cuftom  loathfome  to  the  eye, 
hateful  to  the  nofe,  harmful 
to  the  brain,  dangerous  to  the 
lungs,  and  in  the  black  ftink- 
ing  fume  thereof,  nearefl  re- 
fembling  the  horrible  Stygian 
fmoke  of  the  pit  that  is  bot- 
tomlefs ! " 

The  royal  pedant  fretted  and 
fumed  in  vain ;  the  ufe  of  to- 
bacco increafed  at  a  prodigious 
rate.  James  himfelf  feems  to 
have  wavered  in  his  opinion, 
for  he  granted  a  charter  to,  and 
incorporated  the  firft  fociety  of 
tobacco  pipe  makers.7 

The  practice  of  fmoking  at- 
tained the  dignity  of  an  art, 

with 


26         Sanfta  Croce: 

with  profeffors  learned  in  all 
its  myfteries,  who  taught  the 
Gilded  Youth  the  "Cuban  Eb- 
olition,"  the  "Euripus,"  and 
the  "Whiff,"  and  who  an- 
nounced their  claims  to  the 
patronage  of  the  brainlefs 
wealthy,  in  fome  fuch  falhion 
as  this : — "  If  this  city,  or  the 
fuburbs  of  the  fame,  do  afford 
any  young  gentleman  of  firft, 
fecond,  or  third  head,  more  or 
lefs,  and  whofe  friends  are  but 
lately  deceafed,  and  whofe 
lands  are  but  new  come  into 
his  hands,  that,  to  be  exactly 
qualified  as  the  beft  of  our 
ordinary  gallants  are,  is  af- 

feded 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      27 

fected  to  entertain  ,the  moft 
gentlemanlike  ufe  of  tobacco; 
as  firfl  to  give  it  a  mod  equi- 
fite  perfume;  then  to  know  all 
the  delicate  fweet  forms  for 
the  affumption  of  it ;  as  alfo 
the  rare  corollary  and  practice 
of  the  Cuban  Ebolition,  Eu- 
ripus  and  Whiff,  which  he 
fhall  receive  or  take  in  here 
at  London,  and  evaporate  at 
Uxbridge,  or  farther  if  it  pleafe 
him.  If  there  be  any  fuch 
generous  fpirit,  that  is  truly 
enamored  of  thofe  good  facul- 
ties ;  may  it  pleafe  him,  but 
by  a  note  of  his  hand  to  fpecify 
the  place  or  ordinary  where  he 

ufes 


28         Santta  Croce: 

ufes  to  eat  and  lie;  and  moft 
fweet  attendance  with  tobacco 
and  pipes  of  the  beft  fort  (hall 
be  miniftered.  Stet  quaefo 
candide  Lector."8 

What  the  "Cuban  Eboli- 
tion"  was  we  have  no  means 
of  knowing ;  time  has  covered 
that  accomplifhment  with  the 
mantle  of  oblivion ;  we  can 
guefs,  but  blindly,  for  thefe 
profeffors,  fays  Carlo  Buffone, 
"practifed  a  number  of  myf- 
teries  not  yet  extant." 

"I  brought,"  he  continues, 
"fome  dozen  or  twenty  gallants 
this  morning  to  view  them,  as 
you  would  do  a  piece  of  per- 

fpective 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      29 

fpective  in  at  a  key -hole  ;  and 
there  we  might  fee  Sogliardo  fit 
in  a  chair,  holding  his  fnout  up 
like  a  fow  under  an  apple-tree, 
while  the  other  opened  his 
noftrils  with  a  poking  flick  to 
give  the  fmoke  a  more  free  de- 
livery." 9 

We  have  the  royal  word  for 
it  that  "the  weed"  is  hurtful 
to  the  nofe,  harmful  to  the 
brain,  and  dangerous  to  the 
lungs,  and  yet  a  better  man 
than  the  author  of  the  "  Coun- 
terblaft"  confirms  the  oppofite 
opinion,  as  we  (hall  find  upon 
reading  the  following  excerpt 
from  the  feventh  letter  in  the 

third 


SanEka  Croce: 

third  volume  of  the  delightful 
Epiftolae  Ho-Elianae: 

"To  ufher  in  again  old 
Janus,  I  fend  you  a  parcel  of 
Indian  perfume,  which  the 
Spaniard  calls  the  Holy  herb, 
in  regard  to  the  various  virtues 
it  hath,  but  we  call  it  Tobacco ; 
I  will  not  fay  it  grew  under 
the  King  of  Spain's  window, 
but  I  am  told  it  was  gathered 
near  his  Gold-Mines  of  Potofi, 
(where  they  report,  that  in  fome 
places  there  is  more  of  that 
ore  than  earth)  therefore  it 
muft  needs  be  precious  (luff: 
If  moderately  and  fenfibly 
taken,  (as  I  find  you  always 

do) 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      31 

do)  'tis  good  for  many  things ; 
it  helps  digeftion  taken  a  while 
after  meat,  it  makes  one  void 
rheum,  break  wind,  and  keeps 
the  body  open :  a  leaf  or  two 
being  fleeped  o'er  night  in  a 
little  white  wine,  is  a  vomit 
that  never  fails  in  its  opera- 
tion :  it  is  a  good  companion 
to  one  that  converfeth  with 
dead  men,  for  if  one  hath  been 
poring  long  upon  a  book,  or  is 
toiled  with  the  pen,  and  ftupi- 
fied  with  ftudy,  it  quickeneth 
him,  and  difpels  thofe  clouds 
that  ufually  o'erfet  the  brain. 
The  fmoke  of  it  is  one  of  the 
wholefomeft  fcents  that  is, 

again  ft 


SanSta  Croce: 

againfl  all  contagious  airs,  for 
it  o'ermafters  all  other  fmells, 
as  King  James  they  fay  found 
true,  when  being  once  a  hunt- 
ing, a  fhower  of  rain  drove 
him  into  a  pig  fty  for  fhelter, 
where  he  caufed  a  pipe  full  to 
be  taken  of  purpofe :  It  cannot 
endure  a  fpider  or  a  flea,  with 
fuch  like  vermin,  and  if  your 
Hawk  be  troubled  with  any 
fuch,  being  blown  into  his 
feathers  it  frees  him :  It  is 
good  to  fortify  and  preferve 
the  fight,  the  fmoke  being  let 
in  around  the  balls  of  the  eyes 
once  a  week,  and  frees  them 
from  all  rheums,  driving  them 

back 


A  Nicotian  Treatife. 

back  by  way  of  re-percuffion ; 
Being  taken  backward  'tis  ex- 
cellent good  againft  the  cholic, 
and  taken  into  the  ftomach 
'twill  heat  and  cleanfe  it ;  for  I 
could  inflance  in  a  great  lord 
(my  lord  of  Sunderland,  Prefi- 
dent  of  York)  who  told  me, 
that  he  taking  it  downward 
into  his  ftomach,  it  made  him 
caft  up  an  impofthume  bag 
and  all,  which  had  been  a  long 
time  engendering  out  of  a 
bruife  he  had  received  at  foot- 
ball, and  fo  preferved  his  life 
for  many  years." 

This  is  very  ref pectable  tefti- 
mony,  and  there  is  no  lack  of 

fuch; 


34         SanSta  Croce: 

fuch;  another  witnefs,  more 
truftworthy  than  James  the 
Firft,  and  more  learned,  the 
famous  Dr.  Barrow,  "whofe 
piety  is  without  queftion  or 
cavil,"  made  ufe  of  no  phyfic 
except  tobacco,  and  affirmed 
that  that  herb  was  a  pan- 
pharmacon,  or  univerfal  rem- 
edy, that  it  ferved  not  only 
to  correct  the  ills  of  the  body 
but  that  it  cleared  his  brain 
and  regulated  his  thoughts.10 

A  univerfal  remedy  that 
clears  the  brain  and  regulates 
the  thoughts  1  Good  heavens ! 
What  would  Congrefs  do 
without  it?  We  are  however 

fpared 


A  Nicotian  Treatife. 

fpared  the  neceffity  of  dwelling 
upon  this  painful  reflection ; 
the  prefence  in  our  legiflative 
halls,  of  cufpidors  "in  unvan- 
quifhable  number,"  fully  tefti- 
fies  to  the  earneft  appreciation 
which  our  Senators  and  Rep- 
refentatives  entertain  of  To- 
bacco's miraculous  virtues ; 
while  every  reader  of  the 
"  Congreffional  Record "  is 
comforted  by  the  knowledge 
of  the  additional  fafe- guard 
which  Providence  has  kindly 
placed  about  our  Glorious 
Conftitution. 

When  we  are  in  a  particu- 
larly   comfortable     frame     of 

mind 


Sanfta  Croce: 

mind,  fome  damp  and  difmal 
friend  is  fure  to  be  at  hand  to 
"entertain"  us  with  a  melan- 
choly ftory;  thus  we  have  juft 
been  informed  of  a  memorable 
event  concerning  another  learn- 
ed and  pious  divine,  a  member 
of  the  Anglican  hierarchy, 
Fletcher,  bifhop  of  London, 
who  fullied  the  fanctity  of  his 
lawn  by  the  ufe  of  tobacco, 
whofe  fin  was  followed  by  a 
righteous  punimment,  who 
died  while  fmoking  his  pipe.11 
The  connection  between 
Death  and  the  pipe  is  very 
clofe  here,  feemingly  confirma- 
tive of  darkeft  fufpicions ;  we 

may 


A  Nicotian  Treatife. 

may  well  doubt  the  panacea 
when  the  Grim  Scytheman 
laughs  at  it.  Fantaftic  thoughts 
clufter  about  the  incident,  we 
fink  into  a  reverie  from  which 
we  are  at  length  awakened  by 
our  delightfully  garrulous 
friend,  Samuel  Pepys,  who 
rings  up  the  curtain  upon  the 
moft  awful  of  Englifh  trag- 
edies, takes  a  "chaw,"  and  tells 
us  how  frightened  he  was,  and 
what  he  did  on  the  feventh  day 
of  June,  1665  : 

"The  hottefl  day  that  ever 
I  felt  in  my  life.  This  day, 
much  againft  my  will,  I  did 
in  Drury  Lane  fee  two  or 

three 


38         Santta  Croce: 

three  houfes  marked  with  a  red 
crofs  upon  the  doors,  and 
'Lord  Have  mercy  upon  us!' 
writ  there;  which  was  a  fad 
fight  to  me,  being  the  firft  of 
the  kind  to  my  remembrance  I 
ever  faw.  It  put  me  into  an  ill 
conception  of  myfelf  and  my 
fmell,  fo  that  I  was  forced  to 
buy  fome  roll -tobacco  to  fmell 
to  and  chaw,  which  took  away 
the  apprehenfion." I2 

The  fame  honeft  witnefs  re- 
lates that  on  the  Eighteenth 
of  Auguft,  1667,  "one  of  the 
coach  horfes  fell  fick  of  the 
flaggers,  fo  as  he  was  ready  to 
fall  down.  The  coachman  was 

fain 


A  Nicotian  Treatife. 

fain  to  'light,  to  hold  him  up, 
and  cut  his  tongue  to  make 
him  bleed,  and  his  tail ;  then 
he  blew  fome  tobacco  in  his 
nofe,  upon  which  the  horfe 
fneezed,  and,  by  and  by,  grew 
well,  and  drew  us  all  the  reft  of 
our  way,  as  well  as  ever  he 
did." '3  " 

In  the  prefence  of  fuch  tef- 
timony,  can  we  wonder  that 
the  example  of  the  Gilded 
Youth  was  followed  by  thofe 
of  humbler  fort ;  that  to  inftruct 
his  pupils  in  the  art  of  fmoking 
was  added  to  the  duties  of  the 
fchoolmafter? 

"Delightful 


40         Sanfta  Croce: 

"  Delightful  tafk !    To  rear  the  tender 

thought, 

To  teach  the  young  idea  how  to  " — 
fmoke ! 

"  It  is  the  cuftom  in  England 
(1672)  that  when  the  children 
go  to  fchool,  they  carry  in 
their  fatchels  with  their  books, 
a  pipe  of  tobacco  which  their 
mother  takes  care  to  fill  early 
in  the  morning,  it  ferving  them 
inflead  of  a  breakfaft;  and  at 
the  accuftomed  hour  every  one 
lays  afide  his  book,  to  light  his 
pipe,  the  matter  fmoking  with 
them,  to  teach  them  how  to 
hold  their  pipes  and  draw  in 
the  tobacco." I4 

Thus 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      41 

Thus  the  perverfe  genera- 
tion builded  better  than  it 
knew.  As  a  policy  fecretly 
foftered  by  Anti-tobacconifts, 
this  would  have  been  moft 
fuccefsful,  for  had  it  been  per- 
fifted  in,  the  average  fchool-boy 
would  have  regarded  fmoking 
in  the  light  of  a  tafk,  and 
would  have  viewed  the  pipe 
with  corref ponding  difguft.  As 
it  was,  this  encouragement  was 
not  without  its  effect  upon  the 
multitude ;  fmoking  for  a  time 
was  under  a  cloud;  within  a 
century  afterwards  the  great 
and  wife  Doctor  Johnfon  faid : 
"Smoking  has  gone  out.  To 

be 


42          Sanfta  Croce: 

be  fure,  it  is  a  (hocking  thing, 
blowing  fmoke  out  of  our 
mouths  into  other  people's 
mouths,  eyes,  and  nofes,  and 
having  the  fame  things  done 
to  us.  Yet  I  cannot  account, 
why  a  thing  which  requires  fo 
little  exertion,  and  yet  pre- 
ferves  the  mind  from  total 
vacuity,  mould  have  gone  out." 
The  perfiftence  of  ideas  is 
one  of  the  moft  remarkable 
facts  connected  with  the  hu- 
man mind;  you  may  fcotch 
the  fnake  but  you  cannot  kill 
it.  It  is  eafier  to  tranf plant  a 
foreft  than  to  eradicate  impref- 
fions ;  oppofition  only  ftrength- 

ens 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      43 

ens  them,  as  the  wind  upon 
the  trees  ferves  to  harden  the 
bole  and  invigorate  the  root. 
The  man  mould  be  the  matter, 
the  idea  his  very  humble  fer- 
vant ;  when  thefe  relations  are 
reverfed,  the  human  fkull  be- 
comes thicker,  lefs  eafy  of  per- 
meation; thus  you  cannot 
reafon  with  a  fanatic.  If  you 
attack  a  dominant  idea,  you 
furnifh  it  with  the  food  by 
which  its  power  is  developed, 
which  enables  it  to  poffefs  it- 
felf  of  all  the  nooks  and  cran- 
nies of  the  brain,  to  fortify 
itfelf  in  every  pofition,  till  in 
the  plenitude  of  power  it  be- 
comes 


44          Sanfta  Croce: 

comes  vindictive,  tyrannical, 
every  thought  is  infringed  up- 
on, and  the  individual  is 
known  as  a  "Crank." 

Oppofition  has  feldom  killed 
an  opinion,  while  encourage- 
ment has  fmothered  many  a 
one  in  its  embrace.  Pamper 
an  idea,  it  will  become  fickly; 
let  it  meet  with  no  refiftance, 
it  acquires  no  force,  and  the 
mufclelefs  tenuity  quickly  tum- 
bles into  chaos. 

Sincerity  is  well  employed 
when  no  one  is  offended  by  it, 
but  Hypocrify  has  its  virtues 
too,  and  faves  lots  of  pain ;  it 
is  a  potent  factor  in  every 

moral 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      45 

moral  movement,  and  wins 
thofe  whom  Honefty  frightens. 
Do  we  not  remember  reading 
how  once,  in  the  early  Chriftian 
days,  when  a  heathen  king,  al- 
moft  a  convert  and  about  to  be 
baptized,  fuddenly  bethought 
himfelf  of  his  father,  mother, 
and  one  or  two  of  his  little 
ones,  and  anxioufly  enquired 
of  the  miffionary  if  he  would 
kindly  tell  him  where  thofe 
members  of  the  royal  family 
now  were,  being  dead ;  and 
how  the  inflexible  prieft  re- 
plied that  thofe  regal  perfon- 
ages  were  doubtlefs  in  hell : 
whereupon,  the  heathen  with- 
drew 


46         SanSta  Croce: 

drew  his  foot  from  the  bap- 
tiftery,  declaring  that  he  would 
none  of  heaven  if  thofe  could 
not  fhare  it  with  him.  He  and 
his  tribe  were  loft  to  falva- 
tion.'s 

Here,  all  the  morals  are  on 
the  fide  of  the  theologian,  yet 
fomehow  we  feel  like  clapping 
our  hands  as  we  read  the  ftory, 
and  (houting,  Bravo  for  the 
heathen !  This  is  an  atro- 
cious inclination  of  ours,  of 
courfe,  but  it  will  ferve  to 
illuftrate  the  perfiftence  of 
ideas,  for  is  not  Affection  an 
inftincl;  and  Creed  an  acquire- 
ment? Was  not  the  firft  in 

poffeffion 


A  Nicotian  Treatife. 

poffeffion  before  the  fecond 
was  born?  and  is  not  poffef- 
lion  nine  points  of  the  law  ? 

The  Scientift  was  wifer  than 
the  Prieft;  it  is  an  old  (lory 
but  it  will  bear  repeating,  how 
Parmentier  introduced  the  po- 
tato into  France,  how  he 
planted  and  planted,  and  none 
could  be  perfuaded  to  accept 
the  fruit  of  his  induftry,  how 
he  implored  the  peafantry  to 
take  the  vegetable  without 
money  and  without  price.  In 
vain ;  the  ancient  idea  was 
dominant,  that  which  could  be 
had  for  nothing  was  furely  not 
worth  it ;  but  when  he  placed 


48         Sanfta  Croce: 

a  guard  around  his  potato 
fields,  when  armed  fentinels 
were  on  the  watch  to  protect 
the  edible,  the  predatory  idea 
fwelled  in  the  crania  of  the 
peafants,  who  remained  up  all 
night  to  fteal  the  potatoes, 
while  Parmentier  hugged  Hy- 
pocrify  to  his  foul  and  chuckled 
at  the  fuccefs  of  his  ftrategy.16 
If  our  Reformers  would  re- 
form their  tactics,  if  the  haters 
of  the  weed  would  unite,  and 
form  a  fociety  for  the  propaga- 
tion of  fmoking,  under  whofe 
aufpices  "Choice  Havannas" 
mould  be  diftributed  gratis, 
and  "Fine  Cut"  be  freely 

offered 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      49 

offered  for  the  univerfal  chaw, 
Tobacco  would  perchance  re- 
ceive a  deadly  blow,  the  "prec- 
ious ftink"  would  be  unfmelled 
within  a  generation. 

The  wife  policy  of  en- 
couragement has  no  charms 
for  the  zealous  reformer;  he 
preffes  wildly  on  to  the  mark, 
and  would  force  thofe  who 
cannot  keep  pace  with  him. 
He  is  in  a  hurry,  and  cannot 
even  wait  to  be  polite ;  abufe 
takes  precedence  of  courtefy. 
He  is  more  nearly  akin  to  the 
tyrant  than  he  wots  of ;  the 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  would  prevent  it  by 
whipping  men. 

Very 


5o          Sanfta  Croce: 

Very  naturally,  therefore, 
heroic  meafures  were  adopted 
to  prevent  the  ufe  of  tobacco. 

In  Perfia,  Shah  Abbas  in- 
flicted the  punifhment  of  death 
on  all  who  fhould  be  detected 
in  the  act  of  fmoking.17 

Amurath  IV.  did  the  fame 
thing.18 

In  Ruffia  in  1634,  fmoking 
was  forbidden  under  pain  of 
having  the  nofe  cut  off.19 

A  Chamber  of  Juftice  was 
erected  in  Switzerland  whofe 
fpecial  province  was  to  punifh 
the  ufers  of  the  herb. 

Pope  Innocent  XII.  excom- 
municated tobacconifts. 

Pope 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      57 

Pope  Urban  VIII.  followed 
his  example,  and  gave  author- 
ity to  the  priefts  to  confiscate 
the  gold  and  filver  fnuff  boxes, 
with  the  contents  of  which  the 
wealthier  members  of  their 
congregations  titillated  their 
olfactories  during  divine  fer- 
vice.  A  rich  harveft  was 
reaped  by  the  marp-fighted 
ecclefiaftics,  until  the  honeft 
Nicotians  carried  their  fnuff 
loofe  in  their  pockets  and 
baffled  the  prying  clergy.20 

Such  methods  produced  the 
very  oppofite  effect  from  that 
which  was  intended ;  not  to 
fmoke  is  now  the  exception 

throughout 


52          Sanfta  Croce: 

throughout  Chriftendom,  while 
among  the  heathen,  in  China, 
for  inflance,  if  a  man  ceafes  to 
afk  for  his  pipe,  they  conclude 
that  he  is  about  to  die,  and  at 
once  prepare  for  his  funeral.21 

Methinks  the  anti-panphar- 
macift  Trafk  muft  have  envied 
the  Modems,  the  more  zealous 
of  whom  abfolutely  deny  the 
right  of  the  faithful  to  fmoke, 
nay,  claim  divine  authority  for 
the  prohibition,  and  declare 
that  the  herb  was  mentioned 
by  the  name  which  it  now 
bears,  that  the  defcendants  of 
Adnan  were  forbidden  to  touch 
the  pernicious  plant,  whofe 

evil 


A  Nicotian  TreatiJ'e.       53 

evil  coming  was  foretold  by 
Mahomet  himfelf  a  thou- 
fand  years  before  tobacco 
was  known  to  the  Ancient 
World.22  The  Modems  pride 
themfelves  upon  this  fact,  and 
it  muft  be  admitted  that  it  is 
of  a  nature  to  dagger  one ;  a 
prophet  who  can  prophefy  in 
that  way  is  invaluable  to 
any  religion.  Yet  Chriftianity 
fuffers  not  from  any  compar- 
ifon ;  its  progreffive  character, 
the  bafis  of  modern  civiliza- 
tion, cannot  be  difputed ;  and 
if  in  the  year  1621  a  fervent 
believer  in  the  Koran  had 
vifited  Switzerland,  he  might 

have 


Sanfta  Croce: 

have  been  taken  to  a  church 
in  the  city  of  Berne,  and 
there  upon  the  Tables  of 
the  Law,  immediately  below 
the  Sixth  Commandment,  he 
might  have  read  thefe  words 
of  Mofes :  "  Thou  Jkalt  not 
nfe  Tobacco  I"2* 

How  they  managed  to  re- 
tain the  word  "Decalogue" 
with  eleven  commandments, 
we  do  not  know;  perhaps, 
very  properly,  they  omitted 
one  of  the  leafl  important, 
"Thou  malt  not  bear  falfe 
witnefs  againft  thy  neighbor." 

More  in  forrow  than  in 
anger,  the  devout  tobacconift 

fpeaks 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      55 

fpeaks  of  all  this,  and  fails  not 
to  point  out  how  perfiftently 
Envy  has  endeavored  to  de- 
prive Merit  of  its  honors,  and 
how  fignally,  fometimes,  it  is 
defeated ;  as  in  the  cafe  of 
Nicot,  whofe  claims  to  his 
country's  gratitude,  in  that 
he  made  tobacco  known  to 
France,  and  thus  provided  that 
country  with  a  fource  of  rev- 
enue which  has  yielded  more 
than  thirty  millions  per  an- 
num, were  difputed  by  the 
cordelier  Thevet ;  how  Science 
defended  the  ambaffador  and 
confounded  the  theologian  ; 
and  preferred  Nicot  in  its 
nomenclature 


56         Sanfta  Croce: 

nomenclature    like    a    fly    in 
amber.24 

Then  the  panpharmacift  will 
tri-umphantly  proceed  to  direct 
your  attention  to  the  ftrange 
coincidence,  which  to  the  cred- 
ulous may  feem  fomething 
more,  that  to  a  member  of  that 
family  whofe  glory  it  is  to 
have  brought  the  wood  of  the 
true  crofs  into  Italy,  was  re- 
ferved  the  honor  of  intro- 
ducing tobacco  there ;  he  was 
a  man  whofe  claims  cannot  be 
lightly  called  in  queftion,  for 
he  was  a  cardinal  prince 
of  the  Catholic  church,  and 
Prosper  SANCTA  CROCK  was 

his 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      57 

his  name.  Mandofio  cites 
feveral  verfes  of  Caftor  Du- 
ranti,  which  teftify  to  his 
merit  and  the  miraculous  prop- 
erties of  the  divine  plant,  rep- 
refenting,  fays  Bayle  with  an 
ill-difguifed  fneer,  "this  herb 
forfooth  as  a  panacea  or  uni- 
verfal  medicine": — 2$ 

"  Nomine  quae  San<5lae  Crucis  herba 

vocatur,  ocellis 
Subvenit  et  fanat  plagas,  et  vulnera 

jungit, 
Difcutit  et  flrumas,  cancrum,  can- 

crofaque  fanat 
Ulcera,  et  ambuftis  prodefl,  fcabi- 

emque  repellit ; 
Difcutit  et  morbum  cui  ceflit  ab 

impete  nomen, 
Calefacit  et  ficcat,  ftringit,  mund- 

atque  refolvit 

Et 


Sanfta  Croce: 

Et  dentum  et  ventris  mulcet  capitif- 

que  dolores ; 
Subvenit  antiquae  tufli,  ftomacoque 

rigenti 
Renibus  et  fpleni  confert,  ultroque, 

venena 
Dira  fagittarum  domat,  ictibus 

omnibus  atris 
Hsec  eadem  prodeft :  gingivis  pro- 

ficit  atque 
Conciliat  fomnum :  nuda  oflaque 

carne  reveftit : 
Thoracis  vitiis  prodeft,  pulmonis 

itemque, 
Quae  duo  fie  prseftat  non  ulla  po- 

tentior  herba. 
Hanc  San<5lacrucius  Profper,  quum 

Nuncius  effet 
Sedis  Apoftolicae  Lufitanas  miffus 

in  oras 
Hue  adportavit  Romanae  ad  com- 

moda  gentis, 
Ut  proavi  San<5be  lignum  Crucis 

ante  tulere, 

Omnis 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.       59 

Omnis  Chriftiadum  quo  nunc  ref- 

publica  gaudet, 
Et  Sandlse  Crucis  illuftris  Domus 

ipfa  vocatur 
Corporis  atque  animse  noflrae  ftu- 

diofa  falutis." 

I.  e.  "The  plant  called  Sancta 
Croce  is  ufeful  to  the  eyes, 
heals  wounds,  cures  the  King's 
evil,  cancers,  cancrous  ulcers, 
burns,  and  the  itch  and  fcabs. 
It  warms,  dries,  binds,  cleanfes, 
and  cures  the  toothache,  and 
the  pains  of  the  belly  and  head. 
It  removes  an  old  cough,  and 
is  beneficial  to  the  ftomach, 
kidneys,  and  fpleen ;  and  heals 
wounds  made  by  poifoned  ar- 
rows, and  all  kinds  of  bruifes. 

It 


60         Sanfta  Croce: 

It  is  of  great  ufe  to  the  gums, 
and  procures  deep,  and  covers 
bare  bones  with  flefh.  It  is 
better  for  difeafes  of  the  tho- 
rax and  lungs,  than  any  other 
herb.  Profper  Sancta  Croce, 
when  he  was  Nuncio  from  the 
Apoftolic  See  in  Portugal, 
brought  this  herb  back  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Roman  people, 
as  his  anceftprs  formerly 
brought  the  wood  of  the  Holy 
Crofs,  which  is  a  great  com- 
fort to  all  Chriftendom  now; 
and  his  illuftrious  family  is 
called  by  the  name  of  the  Holy 
Crofs,  being  ftudious  for  the 
advantage  of  our  bodies  and 

fouls." 

A 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      61 

A  univerfal  remedy  indeed ! 
The  citizens  of  ancient  Rome 
decreed  folemn  honors  to  a 
goofe,  becaufe  by  its  vigorous 
cackling  it  awoke  the  heedlefs 
fentinels  and  faved  the  Capitol, 
and  yet  we,  though  married  by 
Juno's  bird,  have  paid  no  dif- 
tinctive  homage  to  the  dolers 
out  of  Panpharmacon,  revile 
them  rather,  who  are  eternally 
vigilant,  ftriving  not  only 
to  provide  the  means  for 
curing  every  phyfical  ill,  but 
to  clear  our  brains,  to  regulate 
our  thoughts,  and  thus  enfure 
the  fafety  of  the  Republic. 

The  truth  is  that  we  have 

fallen 


62          SanEta  Croce: 

fallen  upon  evil  times,  we  live 
in  a  degenerate  age ;  the  pious 
gratitude  of  the  ancient  Ro- 
man is  fneered  at  by  the  aver- 
age American,  is  remembered 
by  our  Novenals  only,  upon 
whofe  hearths  the  emblem  of 
the  facred  bird  is  (till  fitfully 
reverenced. 

In  common  fairnefs,  how- 
ever, it  muft  be  admitted  that 
the  medical  faculty  is  declar- 
ing againft  the  ufe  of  tobacco, 
with  alarming  ftatiftics  and 
doleful  prognoftications ;  but 
when  you  prefent  thefe  to  the 
notice  of  the  veteran  fmoker, 
with  taper  finger  he  diilodges 

the 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      6) 

the  afhes  of  his  cigar,  looks 
upon  it  lovingly,  and  fings 
with  the  poet : — 

"Yes,  focial  friend,  I  love  thee  well, 
In  learned  doctors'  fpite ; 
Thy  clouds  all  other  clouds  difpel, 
And  lap  me  in  delight." 

To  fmoke,  or  not  to  fmoke  ? 
The  anfwer  depends,  mainly, 
upon  our  mood.  When  we 
are  fuffering  from  the  "Blues," 
the  words  of  Lord  Lytton  may 
recur  to  us  (quoted  from  mem- 
ory) :  "  He  who  doth  not  fmoke 
hath  either  never  known  great 
grief,  or  denies  himfelf  the 
fweeteft  confolation  under 
heaven,"  we  may  clutch  the 

pipe 


64          Sanfta  Croce: 

pipe  eagerly,  cry  "Eureka!" 
and  endeavor  to  diffipate  our 
forrows  in  a  cloud. 

"A  little  learning  is"  not  "a 
dangerous  thing." 

'Tis  he  who  drinks  deep  of 
the  Pierian  Spring  who  wifhes 
he  had  but  tailed  thereof.  The 
promptnefs  of  our  decifion  is 
often  the  meafure  of  our  ig- 
norance. Perhaps  no  man 
would  be  able  to  decide  a 
queftion  if  he  were  honeft, 
and  knew  all  that  could  be 
faid  about  it;  neverthelefs, 
when  we  turn  the  pages  of 
"The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy" 
to  find  confirmation  by  De- 

mocritus 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      65 

mocritus  Junior,  of  the  novel- 
id's  affertion,  'tis  with  a  fhock 
that  we  read  as  follows : — 

"A  good  vomit,  I  confefs, 
a  virtuous  herb,  if  it  be  well 
qualified,  opportunely  taken, 
and  medicinally  ufed ;  but  as 
it  is  commonly  abufed  by  moft 
men,  which  take  it  as  tinkers 
do  ale,  'tis  a  plague,  a  mifchief, 
a  violent  purger  of  goods, 
lands,  health,  hellim,  devilifh 
and  damned  tobacco,  the  ruin 
and  overthrow  of  body  and 
foul."26 

In  a  recent  medical  publi- 
cation, Dr.  Beard,  an  eminent 
authority,  on  "American  Ner- 

voufnefs," 


66          Sanfta  Croce: 

voufnefs,"  Mates  that  there  is 
no  need  of  giving  advice  to  an 
American  about  fmoking,  for 
the  evil  effects  of  it  upon  the 
fyftem  will  be  fpeedily  ap- 
parent to  the  fmoker  himfelf.27 
Other  medical  authorities 
have  affured  us  of  the  injury 
which  the  "divine  plant"  is 
working,  the  wafte  of  tiffue, 
the  impairment  of  digeftion, 
engendering  debility,  weaken- 
ing the  body  and  rendering  it 
incapable  of  withftanding  fa- 
tigue; and  yet,  within  a  few 
days,  we  have  read  in  the 
newfpapers,28  that  the  diftin- 
guifhed  profeffors  of  Jena, 

who 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      67 

who  have  for  fome  time  been 
engaged  in  the  ftudy  of  this 
great  queftion,  as  a  refult  of 
their  inveftigations,  emphati- 
cally recommend  the  ufe  of 
tobacco ;  they  fay,  "  that  in  the 
German  army,  foldiers  on  ac- 
tive fervice  are  very  properly 
furnifhed  with  fmoking  to- 
bacco, becaufe  fmoking  enables 
them  to  endure  feverer  fatigue 
upon  fmaller  nutrition  and 
with  greater  alacrity  and  con- 
fidence than  would  otherwife 
be  the  cafe." 

IVho  Jhall  decide,  when 
Doctors  dif agree  ? 

We  are  embarraffed  by  too 
much  evidence,  we  are  forced 

into 


68         Sanfta  Croce: 

into  hefitancy,  are  cruelly 
obliged  to  remain  uncomfort- 
able; we  are  as  much  per- 
plexed as  was  the  famous 
viking  Rollo,  who,  though  a 
convert,  was  affailed  by  doubts 
upon  his  death -bed,  and  en- 
deavored to  make  a  worthy 
exit,  to  arrange  everything 
fatisfactorily  for  his  future,  by 
giving  one  hundred  pounds  of 
gold  to  the  Chriftian  priefts 
to  pray  for  his  foul,  and  by 
killing  one  hundred  Chriftians 
to  appeafe  the  gods  of  heathen- 
dom.29 

We   do  not  know  whether 
to  thank  heaven  for  the  boon 

or 


A  Nicotian  Treatife.      69 

or  blame  hell  for  the  bane. 
Perhaps,  after  all,  the  wifeft 
courfe  will  be  to  give  up 
fmoking  ourfelves,  and  en- 
courage its  practice  by  our 
friends,  to  follow  the  example 
of  our  beloved  Elia,  and  re- 
nounce the  herb  lovingly : 

"  For  I  muft  (nor  let  it  grieve  thee 
Friendlieft  of  plants,  that  I  muft) 
Leave  thee. 

For  thy  fake,  TOBACCO,  I 
Would  do  anything  but  die, 
And  but  feek  to  extend  my  days 
Long  enough  to  fmg  thy  praife." 


NOTES 

AND 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 


NOTES 

AND 

ILLUSTRATIONS 


NOTE  i.  page  12. 

"There  is  another  confequence  of  this 
abortive  colony  (the  firft  attempt  at  fettle- 
ment  by  the  Englifh),  important  enough  to 
entitle  it  to  a  place  in  hiftory.  Lane  and 
his  affociates,  by  their  conftant  intercourfe 
with  the  Indians,  had  acquired  a  relifh  for 
their  favorite  enjoyment  of  fmoking  tobacco ; 
to  the  ufe  of  which,  the  credulity  of  that 
people  not  only  afcribed  a  thoufand  imag- 
inary virtues,  but  their  fuperflition  confid- 
ered  the  plant  itfelf  as  a  gracious  gift  of 
the  gods,  for  the  folace  of  human  kind,  and 
the  moft  acceptable  offering  which  man  can 

prefent 


J4          SanSta  Croce: 

prefent  to  heaven.  They  brought  with  them 
a  fpecimen  of  this  new  commodity  to  Eng- 
land, and  taught  their  countrymen  the 
method  of  ufmg  it,  which  Raleigh  and  fome 
young  men  of  fafhion  fondly  adopted.  From 
imitation  of  them,  from  love  of  novelty,  and 
from  the  favorable  opinion  of  its  falutary 
qualities  entertained  by  feveral  phyficians, 
the  practice  fpread  among  the  Englifh." — 
Robertfon,  Hift.  America,  Harper s\  1831, 
page  399. 


NOTE  2,  page  13. 

Brand's  Popular  Antiquities.      London, 
1810.     Page  314. 


NOTE  3,  page  18. 

General  Dictionary,  Hiftorical  and  Crit- 
ical. London,  1739.  Vol.  vin.,  page  680, 
note  L. 

NOTE  4,  page  19. 

"  Mais  ce  qui  lui  donna  le  plus  de  cele'b- 
rite",  ce  fut  La  forcellerie  et  la  magie  devoilees, 

qu'il 


Notes  and  Illustrations.     75 

qu'il  publia  en  1584,  in  4°,  (en  anglais). 
D'un  efprit  fort  au-deffus  de  fon  temps, 
Scott  devoila  fans  management  dans  cet 
ouvrage,  les  pratiques  des  enchanteurs,  des 
magiciens,  et  toutes  les  reveries  de  1'alchimie 
et  de  Paftrologie.  Cette  publication  eiait 
alors  une  preuve  de  beaucoup  de  courage ; 
et  1'auteur  fut  vivement  combattu  par  Ray- 
nolds,  Meric  Cafaubon,  et  par  le  roi  Jacques 
Ier.  lui-meme,  qui,  dans  la  pr^facede  fa  D'e- 
monologie,  annonce  que  fon  projet  eft  de 
ref  uter  les  opinions  de  Wierus  et  de  Scott, 
qui  n' a  pas eu  hontc,  dit-il,  de  nier  publiquement 
Fexiftence  de  la  magie,  et  de  renouveler  les 
erreurs  des  Saduceens,  en  conteftant  Vextftence 
des  efprits" —  Biographic  Univerfelle,  Tom. 
XLL,  365. 

"  Scot  (Reginald),  an  Englifh  Gentleman, 
author  of  a  book,  all  the  copies  of  which, 
that  could  be  found,  were  burnt.  He  en- 
deavored to  fhew  that  all  the  relations  con- 
cerning magicians  and  witches  are  chimeri- 
cal."— Bayle's  Dift.,  art.  Scot  (Reginald}. 

NOTES 


j6         Sanfta  Croce: 

NOTES  5  and  6,  pages  20  and  23. 
"Every  Man  in  his  Humor,"  Act  in.,  Sc.  2. 


NOTE  7,  page  25. 
Stow's  London,  n.,  334. 


NOTE  8,  page  28. 

"Every  Man  out  of  his  Humor,"  Aft  in., 
Sc.  i. 


NOTE  9,  page  29. 
"Every  Man  out  of  his  Humor,"  Act  iv., 


Sc.  4. 


NOTE  10,  page  34. 
Gen.  Diet.  London,  1745,  n.,  707. 

NOTE  n,  page  36. 
Neal's  Hift.  Puritans,  1843,  r->  2o8- 

NOTE 


Notes  and  Illustrations.    77 

NOTE  12,  page  38. 
Pepy's  Diary,  n.,  242. 


NOTE  13,  page  39. 
Pepy's  Diary,  in.,  222. 


NOTE  14,  page  40. 

Jorevin  de  Rochefort's  Travels,  1672. 
Fofbrooke's  Antiquities,  n.,  751. 


NOTE  15,  page  46. 

,<Der  alte  halsftarrige  Ratbod  fah  fich 
endlich  genothigt,  das  Chriftenthum  an- 
zunehmen,  nachdem  er  unlangfl  erfl  den  h. 
Wigbert,  der  es  gewagt  hatte,  auf  Helgo- 
land heilige  Kinder  zu  fchlachten,  hatte 
umbringen  laffen.  Jetzt  fchickte  ihm  Karl 
Martell  den  h.  Wolfram,  der  ihn  dahin 
brachte,  zur  Taufe  in  ein  grofzes  Becken 
voll  Waffer  zu  fteigen.  Als  er  aber  mit 
einem  Fufz  darin  war,  frug  er  den  Heiligen, 
ob  feine  Vorfahren  im  Himmel  waren,  und 

da 


Sanfta  Croce: 


da  er  zur  Antwort  erhielt,  nein,  in  der 
Holle,  weil  fie  Heiden  gewefen,  zog  er  den 
Fufz  zurtick  und  erklarte,  er  wolle  lieber 
bei  feinen  Vorfahren  bleiben." — Menzel, 
Gefch.  der  Deutfchen,  /.,  203,  204. 


NOTE  1 6,  page  48. 

tt  Sehr  intereflant  ift  die  Gefchichte  der 
Verbreitung  der  Kartoffel  in  Frankreich. 
Man  verdankt  diefelbe  dem  unermlidlichen 
Eifer  des  beriihmten  Chemikers  Parmentier. 
Die  grofzen  Landbefitzer  waren  der  an  fie 
ergangenen  Aufforderung  Ludwigs  XVI., 
gefolgt  und  hatten  dem  Anbau  der  Kar- 
toffel wirklich  einige  Winkel  ihrer  Lande- 
reien  eingeraumt ;  allein  die  Bauern  bauten 
fie  mit  offnem  Widerftreben ;  fie  weigerten 
fich,  davon  zu  effen,  und  iiberliefzen  fie  dem 
Vieh ;  ja  manche  erachteten  fie  nicht  fiir 
wiirdig,  zum  Futter  des  letzteren  zu  dienen. 
Da  war  Parmentier  der  Erfte,  der  Brod 
machte  aus  Kartoffeln.  Er  hatte  fich  zur 
Lebensaufgabe  geftellt,  den  Gebrauch  diefer 
unfchatzbaren  Knolle  in  Frankreich  allge- 

mein 


Notes  and  Illustrations, 


rnein  zu  machen,  indem  er  einfah,  dafz,  wenn 
die  Kartoffel  das  Getreide  erfetzen  konne, 
jede  Hungersnoth  in  Zukunft  unmoglich 
feyn  werde.  Diefer  hochherzige  Mann 
opferte  dem  edlen  Werke  der  Gemein- 
nlitzigkeit  fein  Vermogen,  fein  Talent,  fein 
ganzes  Leben.  Es  war  ihm  nicht  genug, 
den  Anbau  der  Kartoffel  durch  Schriften, 
Gefprache,  Belohnungen,  kurz  durch  alle 
wirkfamen  Mittel,  die  ihm  feine  hohe  Stel- 
lung  gewahrte,  zu  ermuthigen  ;  nein,  er 
kaufte  oder  pachtete  noch  grofze  Strecken 
unbebauten  Landes  mehre  Meilen  im  Um- 
fange  rings  um  Paris  und  liefz  hier  Kartof- 
feln  bauen.  Im  erften  Jahre  bot  er  fie  den 
Bauern  der  Umgegend  zu  niedrigen  Preifen 
zum  Kauf  an,  aber  nur  wenige  kauften  ;  im 
zweiten  Jahre  theilte  er  fie  umfonft  aus, 
Niemand  wollte  fie.  Da  wurde  endlich  fein 
Eifer  Genie  ;  er  ftellte  die  Gratisvertheil- 
ungen  ein  und  liefz  mit  Trompetenklang  in 
alien  Dorfern  ein  nachdrtickliches  Verbot 
ergehen,  das  mit  der  Strenge  das  Gefetzes 
einen  Jeden  bedrohte,  der  fich  unterftande, 
die  Kartoffeln,  von  denen  feine  Felder  tiber- 

fullt 


8o         Sanfta  Croce: 

fullt  waren,  nur  anzuruhren.  Die  Feld- 
wachen  hatten  Befehl,  den  Tag  liber  forgfal- 
tig  Wache  zu  halten,  Nachts  dagegen  zu 
Haufe  zu  bleiben.  Seit  jenem  Augenblick 
war  jedes  Kartoffelfeld  fur  die  Bauern  ein 
Hefperidengarten,  deffen  Drache  eingefchla- 
fen  war.  Die  nachtlichen  Streifziige  organ- 
ifirten  fich  formlich,  und  der  gute  Parmentier 
erhielt  Berichte  auf  Berichte  liber  die  Pliin- 
derung  feiner  Felder,  die  ihn  vor  Freude 
weinen  machten.  Er  hatte  fortan  nicht  mehr 
nothig,  den  Eifer  der  Bauern  anzuftacheln  : 
die  Kartoffel  hatte  die  Stifzigkeit  der  ver- 
botenen  Frucht  erlangt,  und  ihr  Anbau 
verbreitete  fich  nun  rafch  tiber  alle  Gauen 
Frankreichs." — Meyer's  Volkfbibliothek,  IV. 
^Die  Elemente  der  Botanik"  87,  88. 


NOTE  17,  page  50. 

"  Shah  Abbas  the  Great,  made  a  law  to 
punifh  this  indulgence  with  death ;  but 
many  chofe  to  forfake  their  habitations  and 
hide  themfelves  in  the  mountains,  rather 

than 


Notes  and  Illustrations.     81 

than  to  be  deprived  of  this  infatuating  en- 
joyment. Thus  the  prince  could  not  put  a 
flop  to  a  cuftom  which  he  confidered  not 
only  as  unnatural  and  irreligious,  but  alfo 
as  attended  with  idlenefs  and  unneceflary 
expenfe." — Southey,  C.  P.  Book,  Sec.  Series, 
page  494.  [Copied  by  him  from  Hanway.] 


NOTE  1 8,  page  50. 

"Amurath  iv.  publifhed  an  edicT;  which 
made  fmoking  a  capital  offence,  a  meafure 
which  was  founded  on  an  opinion  that  it 
rendered  the  people  infertile. "  -  Fonblanque* s 
Med.  Juris.,  I.,  209.  Buckle's  Mifc.  and 
Pojl.  Works,  III.,  1 80. 


NOTE  19,  page  50. 

Ibid,  1 80,  giving  Pinkertorfs  Rujffla,  pp. 
79,  80,  341,  as  his  authority,  fays:  "In 
1634  it  was  forbidden  in  Ruffia  'under  pain 
of  the  knout,  flitting  the  noftrils,  cutting  off 

the 


82          Sanfta  Croce: 

the  nofe,  and  exile' ;  and  the  monks  of 
Mount  Athos  discovered  that  'it  fprung 
originally  from  the  excrements  of  Satan.'  " 


NOTE  20,  page  51. 

uPapft  Urban  vin.  fchleuderte  1624 
durch  eine  befondere  Bulle  feine  Blitze 
gegen  den  Tabak,  und  in  fammtlichen 
Kirchen  der  Chriftenheit  wurden  die  Kirch- 
endiener  ermachtigt,  alle  Tabetieren,  die 
fie  in  den  Handen  der  Gertreuen  erwifchten, 
wegzunehmen  (eine  fehr  eintragliche  Kon- 
fifcation,  da  die  Dofen  grofztentheils  von 
Gold  oder  von  Silber  waren)." — Die  Elements 
derBotanik.  Meyer's  Volkfbibliothek.IV.^. 


NOTE  21,  page  52. 

"  From  the  cradle  to  the  grave  the  Chi- 
nefe  empire  fmokes,  and  when  a  fick  man 
in  China  has  grown  fo  weak  that  he  no 
longer  afks  for  his  pipe,  they  give  up  hope, 
and  expedl  him  to  die." — "American  Ner- 
voufnefs"  by  Geo.  M.  Beard,  A.  M.,  M.  D.  P.  33. 

NOTE 


Notes  and  Illustrations.    8} 

NOTE  22,  page  53. 

"  At  prefent  the  ufe  of  coffee  is  generally 
tolerated,  if  not  granted,  as  is  that  of  tobacco, 
though  the  more  religious  make  a  fcruple 
of  taking  the  latter,  not  only  becaufe  it  in- 
ebriates, but  alfo  out  of  refpecl;  to  a  tradi- 
tional faying  of  their  prophet  (which  if  it 
could  be  made  out  to  be  his,  would  prove 
him  a  prophet  indeed),  That  in  the  latter 
days  there  JJiould  be  men  who  Jhould  bear  the 
name  of  Moflems,  but  Jhould  not  be  really 
fuch ;  and  that  they  Jhould  fmoke  a  certain 
weed,  which  Jhould  be  called  TOBACCO  ;  how- 
ever the  eaftern  nations  are  generally  fo 
addicted  to  both,  that  they  fay,  a  dijh  of 
coffee  and  a  pipe  of  tobacco  are  a  complete  en- 
tertainment;  and  the  Perfians  have  a  proverb 
that  coffee  without  tobacco  is  meat  without 
fait." — Koran :  Sale's  Preliminary  Difcourfe, 
page  88. 


NOTE  23,  page  54. 

uln   Bern  fetzte   man    1661    unter    das 
fechfte  Gebot :  du  follft  nicht  ehebrechen  ! 

das 


84         Sanfta  Croce: 

das  Verbot  des  Tabakrauchens." — Die  Ele- 
ments der  Botanik,  89. 


NOTE  24,  page  56. 

"Le  cordelier  The  vet  a  difpute"  a  Nicot  la 
gloire  d'en  avoir  enrichi  la  France;  mais 
fa  pretention  n'a  pas  e'te'  accueillie,  et  le 
nom  de  Nicotiane,  impofe"  d'abord  au  tabac, 
lui  eft  refte",  du  moins  dans  la  langue  fcien- 
tifique."  —  Biographic  Univerfelle,  XXXI., 
263,  264. 


NOTE  25,  page  57. 

Bayle.    Di<5l.,  Hift.  and  Grit.,  art.   Santa 
Croce  (Profper). 


NOTE  26,  page  65. 
Burton.     Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  p.  441. 


NOTE  27,  page  66. 
American  Nervoufnefs,  page  33. 


NOTE 


Notes  and  Illustrations.    85 

NOTE  28,  page  66. 
Worcefler  Daily  Spy,  June  30,  1884. 


NOTE  29,  page  68. 

{<Er  wurde  Chrift,  doch  iiberfielen  ihn 
Gewiffensfkrupel  auf  dem  Sterbebett  und  er 
liefz  100  Chriflen  den  alten  Gotzen  fchlach- 
ten  und  zugleich  100  Pfund  Gold  den 
chriftlichen  Kirchen  zuflellen."  —  Menzel, 
Gefch.  d.  Deutfch.,  /.,  268,  note  3. 


A        /"\  **\  ili 


